Lost Highways

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I – I took the one less traveled by, And that has made all the difference”. Thus reads one of the most famous poems by the American poet Robert Frost. And really, when one is on a short vacation as in life itself, all the difference lies in the decision to leave the more travelled path in order to tread upon new and unexplored paths, thereby giving oneself the possibility of being overwhelmed by wonderfully unexpected surprises.

By travelling along the border between Tuscany and Umbria, you can discover a host of forgotten treasures in the small towns and villages with an almost magical air, beautiful places that time has not ravaged and that still preserve their ancient beauty. A emblematic example is the fortified village of Salci, on the border of what was once the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and the Papal States: an extraordinary jewel of medieval and Renaissance architecture, which seems to be dreaming in a kind of enchanted sleep. Just a mile or two from the busy A1 highway about 20 km North West of Orvieto, here the traveler is able to enter into an archaic past in which men seem to be intruders upon a place where nature still reigns supreme.

The village was, in fact, completely abandoned in the sixties and seventies and it looks like nothing so much as a huge walled courtyard filled with lush greenery that stretches as far as the eye can see. A secret garden that is open to the most curious and sensitive spirits, far from any signs of the modern world, it even lacks the sense of rational order imposed by roads and streets, so that here one seems to breathe a genuinely sublime atmosphere of Romantic abandonment.

Another rare gem that lies hidden in the countryside between Umbria and Tuscany is the delightful village of Castiglioncello del Trinoro, with its dominant location 774 meters above sea level, overlooking the spectacular Val D’Orcia valley. The first settlements in this place date back to the ancient times of the Villanovian peoples and the Etruscans, but today the fortress-village of Castiglioncello has a population of only thirteen people, although recently a wealthy American buyer bought half of the village and he is now renovating it extensively, so that its air of secluded peace and mystery is no doubt due to disappear fairly soon. It would therefore be a good idea to enjoy this unspoiled paradise of picturesque abandonment before it is too late.

One can get there from the town of Sarteano 4 km to the East or one can take a longer but much more striking route from the village of La Foce to the North-West. There the splendid villa and garden of the Origo family is among the first things to welcome the visitor on his ramble, and from here a street of white cobblestones leads to the little cemetery of La Foce, followed by the magnificent fortified farmhouse of Chiarentana and then onwards to a hill overlooking the rooftops of the village. For the entire length of this white road the visitor has breathtaking views of the Val D’Orcia to the right, as well as the range of hills and woods known as the Crete Senesi with the hilltop town of Radicofani and the majestic mountains of Monte Amiata and Monte Cetona. All around there is a magnificent forest, which was formerly part of the Nature Reserve of Pietra Porciana.

Upon moving into the province of Grosseto the picturesque small town of Pitigliano cannot be ignored. Its very distinctive historic center has long been known as the Little Jerusalem, due to the presence of a well-integrated Jewish community. The characteristic houses of the village are built upon a massive butte of volcanic tuff stone, with steeply overhanging cliffs into which various grottoes and caves have been excavated, and it is surrounded by ravines on three sides, which could be clearly seen by travellers coming to Pitigliano from the sea. This high rocky plateau overlooks the rivers Lente, Meleta and Prochio, and the whole area still appears wild and untamed.

Continuing on our journey on the discovery of unusual itineraries, in the heart of Tuscany, in the Artistic Natural Park of the Val d’Orcia close to the Via Francigena – the main route taken by pilgrims on their way to Rome in ancient times – we can also visit the pleasant village of Bagno Vignoni.

The natural hot springs and waters in this place have been used as thermal baths since Roman times. At the center of the village there is in fact the “Piazza delle sorgenti”, or square of springs, with an enormous rectangular pool dating to the sixteenth century, which contains water from a hot spring of volcanic origin that emerges from the ground steaming with natural heat. Over the centuries this attractive place has been host to many famous visitors such as Saint Catherine of Siena and Lorenzo the Magnificent.

From Bagno Vignoni our journey to a host of forgotten villages can continue, allowing us to investigate at will, because by now the secret of an enjoyable trip has become clear: the real adventure only begins when you are willing to lose yourself and to leave the beaten track in order to follow unusual paths that lead to places full of pleasant surprises that you have very likely never heard of and that you could hardly have imagined before setting off on this fantastic voyage of discovery.

Historic cafés

For centuries, coffee shops have always been places to meet and exchange information for all social categories, providing the occasion for short breaks during the working day, or for longer stays to enjoy the pleasure of meeting up with a group of friends. However, it was only during the 20th century that cafés became a part of daily life, marking out the phases of the day. All are welcome for refuge or comfort: business operators, intellectuals, lovers or gadabouts, lonely people, elegant ladies and their companions. In the past, these elaborately decorated coffee shops and literary cafés helped to define social and political revolutions; they have taken part in the rise of new literary and artistic movements; they have always been involved in every aspect of social and cultural change. That is why traditional coffee shops are testimonies of history.

Antico Caffè Greco

Rome’s historic café, founded in 1760, located on via Condotti, just a short distance from piazza di Spagna and the Trinità dei Monti steps. A haunt of intellectuals from the earliest days, its most famous customers include: Gabriele d’Annunzio, Wagner, Gogol, Mendelssohn, Leopardi, Stendhal, Schopenhauer and Orson Welles.

Caffè Gilli

Founded in 1773 in Florence by the Swiss family Gilli, the café moved to its present site on Piazza della Repubblica in the early 20th century. This establishment has the fascinating atmosphere of a place that has been frequented by intellectuals, literati and artists for more than two centuries. The Liberty-style décor with ivory-colored walls, lamps and fittings in Murano glass, a frescoed ceiling, the arches and the imposing counter for the bar, still give an idea of what Gilli must have looked like in the early days.

Zucca in Galleria

This café was inaugurated in 1867 at the same time as the Vittorio Emanuele Gallery, right in the heart of Milan, for which it has become the emblem. With its liberty-style decor, it is the haunt of artists, writers and politicians. It was a favorite spot for Verdi and Toscanini when they came out of La Scala opera house, and for king Umberto I who used to stop by with his retinue. And it is still a fascinating place where one breathes an atmosphere redolent of culture and history.

Caffè Fiorio

Opened in 1780 in Turin, this café is located on Via Po’. In the 19th century, it was frequented by aristocratic figures and senior officers, as well as the protagonists of the Italian Risorgimento. Today people say that the Caffè Fiorio serves the best ice cream in town, especially the gianduia and zabaione flavors.

Caffè Florian

The tranquil terrace of the Caffè Florian in Venice invites passersby to pause and admire the splendor of Piazza San Marco, the point of arrival for any walking tour of Venice. This historic café, which opened in 1720, is located beneath the portico of the “Procuratie Nuove”. It takes you back in time, bringing to life the history of the city and the special atmosphere of a place where literati, politicians and intellectuals used to meet. Its finely decorated rooms still hold memories of past times, accompanied today by impeccable service in an exclusive setting.

Caffè Gambrinus

Overlooking the central piazza del Plebiscito in Naples, this famous café is furnished in Liberty style and has décor, stuccowork, statues and paintings from the late 19th century. Founded in 1860, after the unification of Italy, it immediately had enormous success amongst all social classes, and was also patronized by the royal family. Visitors include Oscar Wilde, Hemingway, Sartre, Bill Clinton. Now it is one of the most visited places in Naples.

Caffè Pedrocchi

Located in downtown Padua, this historic café of international fame was founded in 1831. It has three rooms, each distinguished by a color of the Italian national flag. Until 1916, the Caffè Pedrocchi was open day and night, gaining the nickname of the “Café Without Doors”. For well over a century, it has been a prestigious meeting place for intellectuals, students, academics and politicians.

Discovering Rome’s city walls

Sunday morning, strolling through the heart of Rome, amongst monuments, history and traditions. A leap into the past to experience the atmosphere and splendor of imperial Rome, when generals, soldiers and praetorians held power of life and death over the citizens.

The black basalt cobblestones take us back to school textbooks and epic movies like “Cleopatra” and “The Gladiator”, with their memories of clashes between Caesar and Pompey, Augustus and Mark Anthony, Theodosius and Eugenius, as well as the news from the streets of ancient Rome and from the boundaries of the empire. Romulus, Scipio the African, Cicero, personages from different ages who helped, each in his own way, to make the city and its empire great. Intrigues, plots and criminal actions were the order of the day, and the army chose the emperor by acclamation.

While Christianity was gradually replacing the pagan religions, Christians themselves changed from being persecuted to being the protagonists in the life of Rome caput mundi. The emperors, except for a few like Marcus Aurelius and Trajan, were more interested in enjoying the luxury of their fabulous palaces rather than defending the borders of the far-flung empire, threatened more and more by barbarian hordes from the northeast. A situation that would soon lead to the inglorious epilogue of the greatest power in the ancient world – in 476 AD when the barbarian chieftain Odoacre deposed the last Roman emperor Romulus Augustolus.

 

The history of an empire based on wealth and military strength. The signs can still be seen in the streets and piazzas of the city center. A good example is Porta Metronia, a neighborhood that is famous today as the birthplace of Francesco Totti, world soccer champion in 2006 and a star of Italian soccer.

A rundown area, caught between the old gates leading into the city, just a traffic intersection between Piazza San Giovanni and Via Cristoforo Colombo. During the week, it’s just one big traffic jam and the air is heavy with exhaust fumes. A little better on Sundays. The situation is calmer, the vehicles fewer, and one meets groups of tourists and Romans taking the chance to visit this interesting part of the Eternal City.

Asphalt and concrete cover most of the surrounding area which the ancient Romans called “pomerium” (orchard), but the massively imposing city walls are still standing in all their crumbling splendor. The strip of land just outside the city walls was considered sacred and no-one was allowed to use it or build on it. Porta Metronia was just a point of entry guarded by soldiers with a lookout on a simple turreted tower. And people arriving there must have been excited by the prospect of entering Rome, the cradle of Mediterranean civilization. Nothing else in sight, just a marshy area and breeding ground for the many epidemics which afflicted the citizens of the Celio district.

Today it is one of the city’s focal points, a busy intersection for roads coming from all parts of Rome. For many Romans, it is part of their every day journey to work.

However, if you are able to look at it calmly, Porta Metronia has some interesting surprises in store. For example, parting the foliage of one of the trees up against the walls, you will see a marble inscription of great importance. It is not the seal of authority of an emperor or a pope, but the Roman Senate in the name of the people. The marble tablet was placed there in the year 1157 on the initiative of ten senators who had decided to restore the crumbling city walls around the gate.

Their names were: Sasso, Giovanni di Alberico, Rieri Biccacane, Pinzo, Filippo, Giovanni di Parenzo, Pietro Diotisalva, Cencio di Ansoino, Rainaldo Romano, and Nicola Mannetto – names which mean nothing to us today but which are inscribed in that corner of historical Rome. For Nicola Mannetto, restoring the city walls was evidently a family tradition, since more than four centuries later, in 1579, one of his descendants tackled the problem of deterioration by financing the restoration of several ancient monuments in the area.

Walking along via Ferratella within the city walls, where ancient and modern blend with a supermarket on via dei Laterani, we suddenly come across a massive section of brickwork – part of the old walls – an excellent example of Roman masonry techniques. And it is still impressive today. This stretch of road gives a good view of the walls, pathways and guard posts that now seem more like natural grottoes, covered with vegetation. When we reach piazzale Ipponio, the path is interrupted.

It is impossible to follow the walls around the sides of the massive Basilica of San Giovanni which looms over its surroundings, with the statues of Christ and the saints perched on the top of the facade like birds of prey. With a sense of orientation, or with the help of a GPS navigator, we return to via Sannio, now home to one of the most popular markets in the neighborhood. Along a path within the park, we come to Porta Asinara, flanked by small towers, square-shaped and circular, which still make the gate look like an impregnable fortress. Lost in thought before such an imposing sight, we seem to almost hear the sound of marching soldiers and horses hooves – the troops of Belisarius.

 

It was December 536 AD and the gothic war of Procopius of Caesarea was in full sway. The Byzantine hero entered Rome with his army right here, at the Porta Asinara, while the Goths led by Vitige withdrew to the north, near Porta Flaminia. It was just the beginning of a war that would have many surprises, with plots and intrigues which kept the outcome in the balance, more than the clashes between armed troops.

Unfortunately the surrounding ground level is higher than the road level through the gate, and this fact led to a decline in its use. Then in 1574 the gate was finally  abandoned because pope Gregory XIII had a new one built, named after San Giovanni, not far away. This new gate designed by Jacopo del Duca was fiercely criticized at the time because it was elaborately elegant and lacked the brute force of the ancient style. Today, Porta San Giovanni is a strategic entry point to the city from piazza dei Re di Roma. But for centuries Roman citizens used to get to the surrounding countryside, especially the Castelli hills. A day trip into the country, lunch based on spit-roasted game, washed down with the local red wine, in the villages and towns around Frascati, Albano and Genzano. But that’s another story – for now, we shall continue our tour of ancient Rome.

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